Alloy e thibelang ho bola ka hare, tšepe e matla a holimo ka ntle - pipe e entsoeng ka bimetallic ea Chaena e senya monopoly 'me e matlafatsa "mokhoa oa bophelo" bakeng sa phetisetso ea oli le khase leoatleng le tebileng.
Botebong ba limithara tse 1,500 XNUMX Leoatleng la China Boroa, “lithapo” tsa matla li phutholohile ka tlas’a leoatle. Liphaephe tsena li na le phallo e phahameng ea mocheso, khatello e phahameng, le oli le khase tse senyang haholo, ha li ntse li mamella khatello e matla ea metsi a leoatle le khoholeho e tsoang kantle. Liphaephe tsa khale tsa tšepe tsa carbon li phela likhoeli tse 'maloa feela tlas'a maemo a thata joalo, ha liphaephe tsa alloy tse thehiloeng ka nickel ka ho feletseng, le hoja li sebetsa hantle, li bitsa chelete e ngata haholo.
Ka Phuptjane 2025, Sehlopha sa Ansteel se phatlalalitse katleho: ka tšebelisano 'moho le balekane ba malapeng, ba atlehile ho theha phala e entsoeng ka bimetallic composite Inconel 625 nickel-based alloy + X65 pipeline steel, ho rarolla qaka ena ka katleho. Sebopeho sena se secha sa lipeipi - "alloy-resing-resing leling + khetla ea tšepe e matla a holimo" - e leka-lekanya ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo, e lebisang theknoloji ea lipeipi tsa maoatle a China ho ea ka pele ho popontšuoa ea lefats'e.
01. Bothata bo Bobeli ba Lisebelisoa tsa Setso Libakeng tse Feteletseng
Ha tlhokahalo ea matla a lefats'e e ntse e phahama, ho hlahlojoa ha oli le khase ho tlohile mobung ho ea leoatleng le tebileng, le ho tloha libakeng tse tloaelehileng ho ea ho tse feteletseng tse kenyelletsang mocheso o phahameng, likhatello tse phahameng le ho bola ho matla.
Ho nts'etsopele ea oli le khase botebong ba leoatle, liphaephe li tobane le mathata a neng a e-so ka a bonoa. Liphaephe tse tloaelehileng tsa carbon steel li senya ka potlako tlas'a liphello tse kopantsoeng tsa mecha ea phatlalatso e senyang le maemo a phahameng a khatello. Lintho tse senyang tse kang chloride, hydrogen sulfide le carbon dioxide li sebetsa e le babolai ba sa bonahaleng, ba sa khaotseng ho senya mabota a ka hare a liphaephe.
Liphaephe tsa alloy tse thehiloeng ho nickel li fana ka khanyetso e phahameng ea kutu, empa ka theko e phahameng - ho feta makhetlo a leshome litšenyehelo tsa carbon steel. Ho sebelisa li-alloys tsa nickel ho pholletsa le tsamaiso eohle ea lipeipi ho ka etsa hore merero e tebileng ea leoatle e se ke ea khoneha licheleteng.
Liqholotso tse tšoanang li hlaha litsamaisong tsa matla a nyutlelie, moo li-tubing tsa jenereithara ea mouoane li tlamehang ho hanela ka bobeli mocheso o phahameng le ho bola ha metsi; le libakeng tse haufi le lebōpo, moo liphaephe li shebaneng le ho hola ha metsi a leoatle le ho hoholeha ha khatello e bakoang ke maqhubu. Maemo ana a feteletseng a hlahisa potso e thata bakeng sa bo-rasaense ba lintho tse bonahalang: re ka etsa joang hore re be le tekanyo e ntle ka ho fetisisa pakeng tsa ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo?
02. Super Stainless Steel: Tharollo e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa, e nang le litšenyehelo
Ho sebetsana le phephetso ena, 254SMO super austenitic stainless steel, e nang le 6% molybdenum, e hlahile e le tharollo e tšepisang. 254SMO e tsebahala ka tekanyo ea eona e ntle haholo ea ts'ebetso ea litšenyehelo.
Sebopeho sa eona sa premium sa lik'hemik'hale se kenyelletsa:
19.5–20.5% Chromium - ho hanyetsa oxidation,
6.0-6.5% Molybdenum - bakeng sa khanyetso e ikhethang ea pitting,
17.5-18.5% Nickel - bakeng sa sebopeho se tsitsitseng sa austenitic,
0.18–0.22% Nitrogen - ho matlafatsa matla haholo.
Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PRE) - e leng metric ea bohlokoa ea ho hanyetsa kutu - e feta 42.5, e nolofalletsang ts'ireletso e matla khahlano le ho bola ha likoti le maphao libakeng tse nang le chloride e ngata joalo ka metsi a leoatle. Maemong a mang, e qothisana lehlokoa le li-alloys tse theko e phahameng joalo ka Hastelloy C276 le li-alloys tsa titanium.
254SMO e ipakile e le maemong a fapaneng a thata:
Pulp bleaching mela, ho hanyetsa litharollo tsa halide tse nang le acidic le oxidizing;
Limela tsa ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle, ho sebeletsa metsing a pholileng le tsamaiso ea ballast;
Likarolo tsa desulfurization ea khase ea flue, e tobane le lintho tse senyang ka ho toba.
Barekisi ba hatisa ntho e le 'ngoe: "Ho boloka litšenyehelo!" Ha ho bapisoa le li-alloys tsa setso tsa nickel, 254SMO e fana ka khanyetso e ts'oanang ea kutu ka theko e tlase haholo, e e etsa mokhoa o mong o sebetsang maemong a boima.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ts'ebetso ea tšepe ea 254SMO:
| Metric ea Ts'ebetso | latela boleng ba |
| Matla a tšepe | ≥ 650 MPa |
| Ho Fana ka Matla | ≥ 310 MPa |
| Elongation | ≥ 40% |
| PRE (Pitting Resistance) | ≥ 42.5 |
| segokanyipalo | 8.0 g, / cm³ |
03. "Li-Musketeers tse Tharo" tsa Li-Alloys tse thehiloeng ho Nickel
Ha esita le litšepe tse sa hloekang haholo li fokola, li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel li nka sethaleng. Boemong ba mocheso o phahameng, khatello e phahameng, le tse hoholehang haholo joalo ka likhokahanyo tsa lipeipi tse tebileng tsa leoatle le li-tubing tsa jenereithara ea mouoane oa nyutlelie, Inconel 625 le Monel 400 li fana ka boleng bo ke keng ba nkeloa sebaka.
Inconel 625: Mohlokomeli oa Leoatle le tebileng le Lekala la Nyutlelie
Alloy ena ea nickel-chromium e entsoe ka boqhetseke:
62% Nickel - bakeng sa botsitso ba sebopeho,
Chromium ea 22% - ho hanyetsa oxidation,
9% Molybdenum - ho hanela tlhaselo ea chloride,
3.7% Niobium - ho matlafatsa ka ho tiisa tharollo e tiileng.
Kaho ea likepe, Inconel 625 e fumaneha hohle - ho tloha ho metsi a leoatle a pholileng le mekhoa ea ho loantša mollo ho ea ho li-hydraulic le lisebelisoa tsa lisebelisoa. E mamella ho pepeseha ha metsi a leoatle nako e telele le khatello e phahameng ea mochini.
Ka lifemeng tsa matla a nyutlelie, e sebetsa ka har'a li-tubing tsa jenereithara ea mouoane e sebetsang ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele ho 300-600 ° C, e hanela ho bola ha metsi a chesang le mahlaseli. Liteko li bonts'a khanyetso ea eona ea kutu maemong a khase desulfurization e qothisanang lehlokoa le titanium le Hastelloy C-276.
Monel 400: 'Mampoli oa ho Fokotsa Tikoloho
Haeba Inconel 625 e laola maemo a oxidizing, Monel 400 - e nang le nickel e fetang 63% - e busa ka ho fokotsa tse ling.
E lula e tsitsitse ka sulfuric acid (<85% concentration);
E fetisa boholo ba litšepe tse se nang tšepe ka hydrochloric acid;
E ipabola libakeng tse nang le sebabole se nang le mocheso o phahameng ka har'a likarolo tse tala tsa distillation;
Ka indasteri ea nyutlelie, e mamella ho hloekisoa ha uranium le karohano ea isotope.
Ka ho hlakileng, Monel 400 e atleha tsamaisong ea metsi a leoatle, e sebelisoang mekoting ea pompo le li-propeller moo e hananang le cavitation le corrosion tlas'a ho potoloha ka lebelo le phahameng. Ductility ea eona le conductivity ea mocheso le eona e etsa hore e be e loketseng bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa mouoane lifemeng tsa motlakase.
Incoloy 825: Setsebi sa H₂S Resistance
Joaloka setho sa bohlokoa sa lelapa la nickel alloy, Inkoloy 825 (e nang le ~ 40% nickel) e sebetsa hantle khahlanong le hydrogen sulfide stress corrosion. Univesithi e ka leboea-bochabela ea Chaena e ile ea etsa lipoleiti tsa bimetallic tsa 825/X65 bakeng sa liphaephe pakeng tsa Chaena le Turkmenistan, tse etselitsoeng ka ho khetheha ho loantša H₂S corrosion.
Litikolohong tse nang le H₂S, chloride, le lirafshoa tsa alkali, e hanela ho putlama, ho bola ha intergranular, le ho phatloha ho hoholo ha khatello ea maikutlo - e loketse masimo a mafura a sebabole le khase e ngata. Ha e kopantsoe le tšepe ea carbon, e fana ka ts'ebetso e babatsehang ha e ntse e fokotsa litšenyehelo.
04. Bimetallic Composite Design: The Art of Balance
Sistimi ea thepa e le 'ngoe e na le mefokolo ea tlhaho. Ho li hlola, bo-ramahlale ba ile ba hlahisa tharollo ea phetoho - theknoloji e entsoeng ka bimetallic. Ka "alloy-resistant alloy inside + ea sebopeho sa tšepe ea bokantle," boqapi bona bo leka-lekanya ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo hantle.
Ka 2015, lab ea RAL ea Univesithi ea Leboea-bochabela e atlehile ho hlahisa lipoleiti tse kopantsoeng tse 825/X65 Nanjing Steel. Karolo e ka hare ea 825 e fana ka khanyetso ea kutu, ha X65 e ka ntle e tiisa matla a sebopeho le ho khoneha.
Lilemo tse leshome hamorao, Ansteel o ile a tsoela pele ka sena ka ho ntlafatsa Inconel 625 + X65 lipeipi tse kopaneng. Lera le ka hare la Inconel 625 (botenya ba 1-3mm) le shebane le sebaka se senyang; karolo e ka ntle ea X65 (botenya ba 20-30mm) e jara mojaro.
Ka ho hlola litšitiso tsa tekheniki tlhahisong ea poleiti ea bimetallic, Ansteel e ile ea sebelisa matla a eona a tsoetseng pele a metallurgy ho netefatsa hore motsoako o kopana le litlhaloso tsohle. Sephetho? Phokotso ea 70–80% ea tšebeliso ea alloy alloy le ho boloka litšenyehelo ho feta 50% - tsohle li ntse li netefatsa lilemo tse 25+ tsa bophelo ba tšebeletso ea lipeipi tsa leoatleng le tebileng.
05. The Craft of Shaping Thata Lisebelisuoa
Li-alloys tse sebetsang hantle haholo li tsebahala ka thata ho sebetsa ka lebaka la mocheso o tlase oa mocheso, lik'hemik'hale tse phahameng tsa lik'hemik'hale, ho thatafala, le elasticity e tlase. Hangata lienjiniere li li nka e le “lisebelisoa tse thata ho isa mochining.”
Li-alloys tse thehiloeng ho nickel tse kang Inconel 718, 625, le Monel 400 li thatafalloa ke mosebetsi o boima nakong ea machining. Sena se lebisa ho matla a ho itšeha a phahameng, ho roala lisebelisoa ka potlako, boleng bo tlase ba bokaholimo, le litšenyehelo tse phahameng.
Mekhoa e chesang ea mechine fana ka tharollo. Liphuputso li bontša hore machining alloys nickel ka 300-600 ° C:
E fokotsa matla a ho itšeha ka 30-40%;
E fokotsa ho sebelisoa ha lisebelisoa ka 30%,
E ntlafatsa boleng ba letlalo,
E eketsa bophelo ba sesebelisoa ka makhetlo a 2-3.
Ho futhumatsa lelakabe, ho sebelisa propane-oksijene combustion, preheats workpiece ho mocheso o motle oa ho itšeha, ho fokotsa matla a ho kuta le ho qoba ho bata kapa ho thatafala.
Ho sebetsa 254SMO ho boetse ho hloka mekhoa e khethehileng:
Matla a eona a phahameng a tlhahiso a hloka matla a matla a ho theha,
Welding e hloka litšepe tse khethehileng tsa ho tlatsa (mohlala, ERNiCrMo-3),
Ts'ebetso e chesang e tlameha ho laoloa ka thata lipakeng tsa 1800-2100 ° F ho qoba sekhahla sa oxide.
Bo-rasaense ba lintho tse bonahalang ba hatisa: "Theknoloji ea ho sebetsa e bohlokoa joalo ka tlhahiso ea alloy. Ke ka tlhahiso e nepahetseng feela moo bokhoni bo felletseng ba lisebelisoa tsa boleng bo holimo bo ka hlahisoang."
06. Tsela e ka Pele: Bokamoso ba Liphaephe tsa Boemo bo Phahameng
Ha nts'etsopele ea maoatle a tebileng a China le maano a ts'ireletso ea matla a ntse a tsoela pele, lisebelisoa tsa lipeipi tsa maemo a holimo li tobane le menyetla eo ho seng mohla e kileng ea e-ba teng.
Liphaephe tse nang le mesebetsi e mengata ke sebaka sa lipatlisiso se chesang. Bo-rasaense ba ntse ba hlahloba litsamaiso tse bohlale tse kopanyang li-sensor, likarolo tse ipholisang, lirafshoa tse thibelang ho bola, le lisebelisoa tsa motheo ho thusa tlhokomeliso ea maemo, ho itšireletsa le ho lokisa ts'ebetso.
Lisebelisoa tsa boenjiniere ba genome e potlakisa nts'etsopele ea alloy ka ho etsisa ts'ebetso tlasa maemo a itseng a kutu. Li-alloys tse hanyetsanang le H₂S + CO₂ + Cl⁻ litšokelo tse tharo li tla rarolla mathata a rarahaneng a lipalangoang tse tebileng tsa leoatle.
Tlhahiso e tala ke tsepamiso e 'ngoe. Ho qhibilihisoa ha nickel alloy ea khale e sebelisang matla ho fana ka monyetla oa ho qhibiliha le ho etsa lintho tse tlatselletsang (ho hatisa ka 3D), ho nolofalletsang ho etsoa ha likarolo tse rarahaneng tse nang le litšila tse nyane.
Litsebi tsa indasteri li bolela esale pele: "Lilemong tse leshome tse tlang, China e tla fetoha ho tloha ho balateli ho ea ho moetapele oa lisebelisoa tsa lipeipi tsa maemo a holimo. Ka ketane ea phepelo e seng e holile le likhatelopele tsa theknoloji, lintlafatso tse ngata tsa 'Made in China' li tla tsoela pele lefatšeng ka bophara."
Ka mor'a lilemo tse leshome tsa lipatlisiso tse inehetseng, sehlopha sa Ansteel se ithutile theknoloji ea vacuum roll bonding. Ka liphaephe tsa bimetallic tse ntseng li fetela Leoatleng la China Boroa, Chaena e sirelelitse "system ea vascular" e tsoetseng pele bakeng sa ho tsamaisa matla a tlas'a leoatle.
Sefaleng sa Bohai Bay offshore, baenjiniere ba hlahloba lisebelisoa tse sa tsoa kenngoa. Lipeipi tse pholileng tsa metsi a leoatle tse entsoeng ka 254SMO lia benya tlas'a letsatsi; manonyeletso a na le li-fittings tsa Inconel 625 tse thibelang kutu, ha liphaephe tse ka sehloohong tse ka tlas'a leoatle li entsoe ho tsoa ho metsoako e sa tsoa ntlafatsoa ea bimetallic.
Materials saense ha e na bofelo - feela latelang feteletseng ho hapa. Ha botho bo ntse bo fihla libakeng tse tebileng, tse chesang le tse thata, moloko o latelang oa li-alloys o se o ntse o sebetsa ka mokhoa o khutsitseng lab.